Pages

Monday, November 21, 2016

White Nationalists Salute the President-Elect: "Hail Trump!" - The Atlantic

Unbelievable this could happen in america.

White Nationalists Salute the President-Elect: "Hail Trump!" - The Atlantic

World’s Most Valuable Pok�mon Card Sold at Public Auction Brings $54,970 at Heritage Auctions

World’s Most Valuable Pok�mon Card Sold at Public Auction Brings $54,970 at Heritage Auctions

Fulfilled — and broken — promises for America’s new role in the world. - The Washington Post

Fulfilled — and broken — promises for America’s new role in the world. - The Washington Post

Noahpinion: Steve Bannon and the Last Crusade

Noahpinion: Steve Bannon and the Last Crusade

Tokyo relaunches bid to become top financial centre

Tokyo relaunches bid to become top financial centre

How Renaissance’s Medallion Fund Became Finance’s Blackest Box - Bloomberg

How Renaissance’s Medallion Fund Became Finance’s Blackest Box - Bloomberg

Monday, November 14, 2016

Memos from Howard Marks

Memos from Howard Marks

The hard question isn’t why Clinton lost — it’s why Trump won - Vox

The hard question isn’t why Clinton lost — it’s why Trump won - Vox

The hard question isn’t why Clinton lost — it’s why Trump won - Vox

The hard question isn’t why Clinton lost — it’s why Trump won - Vox

How Donald Trump's New Campaign Chief Created an Online Haven for White Nationalists | Mother Jones

How Donald Trump's New Campaign Chief Created an Online Haven for White Nationalists | Mother Jones

Stay angry. That’s the only way to uphold principles in Trump’s America. - The Washington Post

Stay angry. That’s the only way to uphold principles in Trump’s America. - The Washington Post

Steve Bannon: This Man Is the Most Dangerous Political Operative in America

Steve Bannon: This Man Is the Most Dangerous Political Operative in America

Wednesday, November 09, 2016

Some thoughts the day after the election | The Incidental Economist

Some thoughts the day after the election | The Incidental Economist:

Let me say this for the record: President-elect Trump will be my President. I may not always like�everything he says or does, but from this moment on, he will be given the same respect in my writing that I afford President Obama. I want him to do well�because he represents my country, and his actions will affect my fellow citizens, my state, and my family. I hope he surrounds himself with knowledgeable advisors, especially when it comes to health care. We should applaud their commitment, and support them in their efforts to serve our nation.

I am sure I will not always agree with them. But I will remain civil, and I will try and convince them to do what I think the evidence says is right.

I hope you’ll all join us in that effort.

Current Affairs | Culture & Politics

Current Affairs | Culture & Politics

Donald Trump is moving to the White House, and liberals put him there | Thomas Frank | Opinion | The Guardian

Donald Trump is moving to the White House, and liberals put him there | Thomas Frank | Opinion | The Guardian

What investors misunderstand about the politics of rage

What investors misunderstand about the politics of rage

If Trump wins, what is the best theory of why? - Marginal REVOLUTION

If Trump wins, what is the best theory of why? - Marginal REVOLUTION

Forget Canada. Stay and Fight for American Democracy.

Forget Canada. Stay and Fight for American Democracy.

Saturday, November 05, 2016

How Trump Took Hate Groups Mainstream | Mother Jones

How Trump Took Hate Groups Mainstream | Mother Jones

In 1 Unscripted Moment, Hillary Clinton Finds Joy in the Rain - The New York Times

In 1 Unscripted Moment, Hillary Clinton Finds Joy in the Rain - The New York Times

Cubs win! Cubs win!: America’s longest sporting curse is laid to rest | The Economist

Cubs win! Cubs win!: America’s longest sporting curse is laid to rest | The Economist

Imagining America on Nov. 9 - The New York Times

Imagining America on Nov. 9 - The New York Times

Relaxation techniques: Breath control helps quell errant stress response - Harvard Health

Relaxation techniques: Breath control helps quell errant stress response - Harvard Health

Tom Nichols: What Trump has already cost America - NY Daily News

Tom Nichols: What Trump has already cost America - NY Daily News

TheMoneyIllusion � Why no China crash? Wrong question

TheMoneyIllusion � Why no China crash? Wrong question

The Unintended Ways Self-Driving Cars Will Change Our World – The Startup – Medium

The Unintended Ways Self-Driving Cars Will Change Our World – The Startup – Medium

The Money Management Gospel of Yale’s Endowment Guru - The New York Times

The Money Management Gospel of Yale’s Endowment Guru - The New York Times

The Money Management Gospel of Yale’s Endowment Guru - The New York Times

The Money Management Gospel of Yale’s Endowment Guru - The New York Times

Why I Have No Sympathy for Angry White Men | Dame Magazine

Why I Have No Sympathy for Angry White Men | Dame Magazine

Anxious about the election? Here’s some perspective. - The Washington Post

Anxious about the election? Here’s some perspective. - The Washington Post

Tuesday, October 25, 2016

The Mellow Heuristic, Bryan Caplan | EconLog | Library of Economics and Liberty

The Mellow Heuristic, Bryan Caplan | EconLog | Library of Economics and Liberty

If You’re Thinking of Voting for Donald Trump, Read This First | GQ

If You’re Thinking of Voting for Donald Trump, Read This First | GQ

Election Update: Why Our Model Is More Bullish Than Others On Trump | FiveThirtyEight

Election Update: Why Our Model Is More Bullish Than Others On Trump | FiveThirtyEight

My Former Republican Party - WSJ

My Former Republican Party - WSJ

How to Rebuild the Republican Party - The Atlantic

How to Rebuild the Republican Party - The Atlantic

Obama Was Right About Republican Extremism All Along | New Republic

Obama Was Right About Republican Extremism All Along | New Republic

The barbarian establishment | The Economist

The barbarian establishment | The Economist

Alistair Urquhart, Death Railway survivor – obituary

Alistair Urquhart, Death Railway survivor – obituary

Hillary Clinton’s Plan to Squeeze the Ultra-Rich - The New Yorker

Hillary Clinton’s Plan to Squeeze the Ultra-Rich - The New Yorker

SNL’s “Black Jeopardy!” sketch was the most astute analysis of American politics in 2016.

SNL’s “Black Jeopardy!” sketch was the most astute analysis of American politics in 2016.

Wednesday, August 31, 2016

Noahpinion: Books to help you understand Japan

The Polarization Of Red And Blue States From McGovern To Trump, In One Chart | FiveThirtyEight

The Polarization Of Red And Blue States From McGovern To Trump, In One Chart | FiveThirtyEight

Mother of three survives car crash — only to be gunned down by the other driver, police say - The Washington Post

Mother of three survives car crash — only to be gunned down by the other driver, police say - The Washington Post

Why Donald Trump is going to Mexico - The Washington Post

Why Donald Trump is going to Mexico - The Washington Post

Mylan Announces Generic EpiPen; Baffles Health Policy Wonks Everywhere | Bill of Health

Mylan Announces Generic EpiPen; Baffles Health Policy Wonks Everywhere | Bill of Health

Steven Mnuchin Businessweek Profile - Bloomberg Politics

Steven Mnuchin Businessweek Profile - Bloomberg Politics

Does Killing Terrorist Leaders Make Any Difference? Scholars Are Doubtful - The New York Times

Does Killing Terrorist Leaders Make Any Difference? Scholars Are Doubtful - The New York Times

Thursday, July 28, 2016

Kenneth O'Friel, Men's Lacrosse, Bates College - NESCAC

Kenneth O'Friel, Men's Lacrosse, Bates College - NESCAC

Democrats have stolen the GOP's best rhetoric — and Republicans have noticed - Vox

Democrats have stolen the GOP's best rhetoric — and Republicans have noticed - Vox

Obama’s Democratic convention speech showed he knows his legacy is on the line - Vox

Obama’s Democratic convention speech showed he knows his legacy is on the line - Vox

Michael Bloomberg sums up election in DNC speech - Business Insider

Michael Bloomberg sums up election in DNC speech - Business Insider

5 takeaways from Obama’s last convention - POLITICO

5 takeaways from Obama’s last convention - POLITICO

Obama Bets on America to Save Democracy Again | New Republic

Obama Bets on America to Save Democracy Again | New Republic

Obama Passes Baton of Optimism to Clinton - The New York Times

Obama Passes Baton of Optimism to Clinton - The New York Times

Tuesday, July 19, 2016

US police shootings: How many die each year? - BBC News

US police shootings: How many die each year? - BBC News

Who Will Be President? - The New York Times

Who Will Be President? - The New York Times

Who Will Be President? - The New York Times

Who Will Be President? - The New York Times

The GOP Is the Party of Death | New Republic

The GOP Is the Party of Death | New Republic

Bank of America Plans More Cost Cuts, as Earnings Slide - WSJ

Bank of America Plans More Cost Cuts, as Earnings Slide - WSJ

What You Like Falls on Party Lines - WSJ.com

What You Like Falls on Party Lines - WSJ.com

What You Like Falls on Party Lines - WSJ.com

Adam Sandler?



What You Like Falls on Party Lines - WSJ.com

Life is good

due to vaccines



https://ourworldindata.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Vaccine-%E2%80%93-Reduction-of-Cases-and-Deaths.pdf

Defense Budgets and Markets & Japan - The Big Picture

Defense Budgets and Markets & Japan - The Big Picture

Jason Bourne vs James Bond — FT.com

Jason Bourne vs James Bond — FT.com

Joni Ernst and Tom Cotton: When Conspiracy Theories Don't Fit the Media Narrative - The Atlantic

Joni Ernst and Tom Cotton: When Conspiracy Theories Don't Fit the Media Narrative - The Atlantic

What, Congressman Steve King Asks, Have Nonwhites Done for Civilization? - The New York Times

What, Congressman Steve King Asks, Have Nonwhites Done for Civilization? - The New York Times

This mashup of Melania Trump reading text plagiarized from Michelle Obama is incredibly damaging. | New Republic

This mashup of Melania Trump reading text plagiarized from Michelle Obama is incredibly damaging. | New Republic

Thursday, July 14, 2016

An Open Letter From Tech Leaders on Donald Trump’s Presidential Bid | WIRED

An Open Letter From Tech Leaders on Donald Trump’s Presidential Bid | WIRED

How Trumpism hid in plain sight for 15 years

How Trumpism hid in plain sight for 15 years

Caesar’s Wife Must Be Above Suspicion

Caesar’s Wife Must Be Above Suspicion

What High-fee Funds Can Learn from the Curse of the Cubs

What High-fee Funds Can Learn from the Curse of the Cubs

Can I interrogate this photograph? Can I hold it here in front of me, arrested? — Photos We Love — Medium

Can I interrogate this photograph? Can I hold it here in front of me, arrested? — Photos We Love — Medium

Howard Raiffa, Mathematician Who Studied Decision Making, Dies at 92 - The New York Times

Howard Raiffa, Mathematician Who Studied Decision Making, Dies at 92 - The New York Times

Japan’s Military - Bloomberg QuickTake

Japan’s Military - Bloomberg QuickTake

Cravath, Swaine & Moore Names Faiza Saeed as Presiding Partner - WSJ

For Whites Sensing Decline, Donald Trump Unleashes Words of Resistance - The New York Times

Wednesday, July 06, 2016

Baghdad Bombing: Iraq Is the World Capital of Terrorism - The Atlantic

Baghdad Bombing: Iraq Is the World Capital of Terrorism - The Atlantic

Learning to Appreciate Disagreement at Work

Learning to Appreciate Disagreement at Work

New Video Emerges of Alton Sterling Being Killed by Baton Rouge Police - The Daily Beast

New Video Emerges of Alton Sterling Being Killed by Baton Rouge Police - The Daily Beast

New poll: Voter worries about immigration mostly aren’t about the economy - Vox

New poll: Voter worries about immigration mostly aren’t about the economy - Vox

Saturday Morning Breakfast Cereal - Self-Driving Car Ethics

Saturday Morning Breakfast Cereal - Self-Driving Car Ethics

The incredible things that had to go just right for Juno to reach Jupiter — Quartz

The incredible things that had to go just right for Juno to reach Jupiter — Quartz

The UK will miss unskilled migrants after Brexit — FT.com

The UK will miss unskilled migrants after Brexit — FT.com

Almost All Managers Have at Least One Career-Limiting Habit

Almost All Managers Have at Least One Career-Limiting Habit

“You’re Being Cheated, and We’re Going to Protect You”

“You’re Being Cheated, and We’re Going to Protect You”

Why So Many Missed the Nationalist Surge - WSJ

Why So Many Missed the Nationalist Surge - WSJ

After Attacks on Muslims, Many Ask: Where Is the Outpouring? - The New York Times

After Attacks on Muslims, Many Ask: Where Is the Outpouring? - The New York Times

Muslims Worldwide Come to Grips With a Bloody Ramadan - The New York Times

Muslims Worldwide Come to Grips With a Bloody Ramadan - The New York Times

Wigan’s Road to ‘Brexit’: Anger, Loss and Class Resentments - The New York Times

Wigan’s Road to ‘Brexit’: Anger, Loss and Class Resentments - The New York Times

Tuesday, July 05, 2016

An Open Letter to Jared Kushner, From One of Your Jewish Employees | | Observer

An Open Letter to Jared Kushner, From One of Your Jewish Employees | | Observer

Conservatives’ Silence After Trump’s Anti-Semitic Attack Is a Bad Omen | New Republic

Conservatives’ Silence After Trump’s Anti-Semitic Attack Is a Bad Omen | New Republic

F.B.I. Recommends No Charges Against Hillary Clinton for Use of Personal Email - The New York Times

F.B.I. Recommends No Charges Against Hillary Clinton for Use of Personal Email - The New York Times

Is Sushi ‘Healthy’? What About Granola? Where Americans and Nutritionists Disagree - The New York Times

Is Sushi ‘Healthy’? What About Granola? Where Americans and Nutritionists Disagree - The New York Times

Struggles in a Steel Town Highlighted by Donald Trump - The New York Times

Struggles in a Steel Town Highlighted by Donald Trump - The New York Times

Adding Classes and Content, Resurgent Libraries Turn a Whisper Into a Roar - The New York Times

Adding Classes and Content, Resurgent Libraries Turn a Whisper Into a Roar - The New York Times

Having lots of friends sounds good but it can be hard work — FT.com

Having lots of friends sounds good but it can be hard work — FT.com

Sunday, July 03, 2016

Harvard Professors Recommend Summer Reads | Magazine | The Harvard Crimson

Harvard Professors Recommend Summer Reads | Magazine | The Harvard Crimson

Jim Simons: The Mathematician Who Cracked Wall Street - The Big Picture

Jim Simons: The Mathematician Who Cracked Wall Street - The Big Picture

Elie Wiesel, Auschwitz Survivor and Nobel Peace Prize Winner, Dies at 87 - The New York Times

Elie Wiesel, Auschwitz Survivor and Nobel Peace Prize Winner, Dies at 87 - The New York Times

Donald Trump's "Star of David" Hillary Clinton Meme Was Created by White Supremacists

Donald Trump's "Star of David" Hillary Clinton Meme Was Created by White Supremacists

Why do you make stupid decisions when the experts tell you otherwise?

Why do you make stupid decisions when the experts tell you otherwise?

Richard Feynman on Teaching Math to Kids and the Lessons of Knowledge

Richard Feynman on Teaching Math to Kids and the Lessons of Knowledge

Friday, July 01, 2016

Continuing to Grow our Technology Leadership Position | Citadel

Continuing to Grow our Technology Leadership Position | Citadel

Harvard makes good business sense for Sharapova — FT.com

Harvard makes good business sense for Sharapova — FT.com

U.S. Says Airstrikes Aimed at Terrorists Outside Combat Zones Killed as Many as 116 Civilians in 7 Years - WSJ

U.S. Says Airstrikes Aimed at Terrorists Outside Combat Zones Killed as Many as 116 Civilians in 7 Years - WSJ

New Study Claims Corporate Executives Intentionally Mislead Investors for Personal Gain - Bloomberg

New Study Claims Corporate Executives Intentionally Mislead Investors for Personal Gain - Bloomberg

Noahpinion: Some stuff economists tend to leave out

Noahpinion: Some stuff economists tend to leave out

Why we no longer trust the experts — FT.com

Why we no longer trust the experts — FT.com

Elizabeth Warren Should Stay in the Senate | The Nation

Elizabeth Warren Should Stay in the Senate | The Nation

Social scientists need to learn from their Brexit blunder, so we can learn from them — Quartz

Social scientists need to learn from their Brexit blunder, so we can learn from them — Quartz

10-year JGB yields hit record low — FT.com

Never short JGBs. Part CI



10-year JGB yields hit record low — FT.com

Monday, June 27, 2016

Pro-‘Brexit’ City of Sunderland Glad to Poke Establishment in the Eye - The New York Times

Pro-‘Brexit’ City of Sunderland Glad to Poke Establishment in the Eye - The New York Times

How Brexit shattered progressives' dearest illusions

How Brexit shattered progressives' dearest illusions

Brexit has locked us millennials out of the union we voted for — FT.com

Brexit has locked us millennials out of the union we voted for — FT.com

Regulating Cars Made Them Safer. Can We Do the Same with Guns? | New Republic

Regulating Cars Made Them Safer. Can We Do the Same with Guns? | New Republic

Brexit was fueled by irrational xenophobia, not real economic grievances - Vox

Brexit was fueled by irrational xenophobia, not real economic grievances - Vox

Blaming Elites For The Rise Of Populism - Forbes

Blaming Elites For The Rise Of Populism - Forbes

The Collapse of the Liberal World Order | Foreign Policy

The Collapse of the Liberal World Order | Foreign Policy

Few quick thoughts on Brexit — Medium

Few quick thoughts on Brexit — Medium

Why Brexit happened and what it means - Marginal REVOLUTION

Why Brexit happened and what it means - Marginal REVOLUTION

Trump and the Racial Politics of the South

Trump and the Racial Politics of the South

finance

finance

How Housing’s New Players Spiraled Into Banks’ Old Mistakes - The New York Times

How Housing’s New Players Spiraled Into Banks’ Old Mistakes - The New York Times

Sunday, June 26, 2016

TheMoneyIllusion � Trump: Even worse than we thought

TheMoneyIllusion � Trump: Even worse than we thought

I cannot stress too much that Britain is part of Europe – and always will be �

I cannot stress too much that Britain is part of Europe – and always will be �

How to Un-Hypnotize a Rabid Anti-Trumper | Scott Adams' Blog

How to Un-Hypnotize a Rabid Anti-Trumper | Scott Adams' Blog

How the Gun Control Debate Ignores Black Lives - ProPublica

How the Gun Control Debate Ignores Black Lives - ProPublica

Why we are ruder at work than we are in the street — FT.com

Thoughts on the sociology of Brexit - Political Economy Research Centre

Brexit Wins | Mother Jones

Thursday, June 23, 2016

Three shirts, four pairs of trousers: meet Japan's 'hardcore' minimalists | World news | The Guardian

Goldman Sachs to drop on-campus interviews — FT.com

Hedge Fund Still Wants Its Tax-Avoidance Profits - Bloomberg View

Watch This Freakishly Agile Dog-Bot Do the Dishes

Stumbling and Mumbling: Beyond meritocracy

The ‘Anti-Business’ President Who's Been Good for Business

David Thatcher, Part of ’42 Doolittle Raid on Japan, Dies at 94 - The New York Times

Wednesday, June 22, 2016

The Strategy That Donald Trump Borrowed From Ann Coulter - The Atlantic

Paul Ryan Is Trying To Shut Down Reps' Live Streams From Sit-In | Crooks and Liars

The New Panama Canal: A Risky Bet - The New York Times

When the Poverty Industry Seeks Profit - The Atlantic

Photography — Tokyo Times

How to Tell a Coworker They’re Annoying You

Inside Trump's Most Valuable Tower: Felons, Dictators and Girl Scouts

Japan spooked by naval mystery in East China Sea — FT.com

White House issues report on President Obama's impact on science and tech / Boing Boing

When Products Talk - The New Yorker

Why Brexit would be a history-defining, irreversible mistake | Larry Summers

In College Turmoil, Signs of a Changed Relationship With Students - The New York Times

In College Turmoil, Signs of a Changed Relationship With Students - The New York Times

Tuesday, June 21, 2016

Getting Serious About Trumponomics - The New Yorker

Getting Serious About Trumponomics - The New Yorker

How Cincinnati Salvaged the Nation’s Most Dangerous Neighborhood - POLITICO Magazine

How Cincinnati Salvaged the Nation’s Most Dangerous Neighborhood - POLITICO Magazine

There's Great News on Inequality and Poverty - Bloomberg View

Try to scroll through this graphic and you’ll understand America’s gun problem

Algorithm for Sales Traders

Wait but. If you are trying to buy stock, calling the people who own a lot of that stock is not, you know, that creative. "Call the top five holders of a stock" is literally an algorithm. It is hard to make a robot chat application that can be convincingly human, but it's easy to make a robot chat application that can select the top five holders of a stock and message them "Ahoy friend, I see you own 5,000,000 shares of XYZ stock, do you fancy getting out of it? Good news, the Huskies won last night's game." 





Shareholders, Directors and Traders - Bloomberg View

The Fed May Not See It, But There's Reason for Optimism - Bloomberg View

Ten simple rules to use statistics effectively | EurekAlert! Science News

mainly macro: More on Brexit and the politicisation of truth

Will Trump Swallow the G.O.P. Whole? - The New York Times

Monday, June 20, 2016

Intern tips from hedge fund Citadel - Business Insider

Special: United States of Trump - How Donald Trump Took Over the Republican Party - NBC News

Making a Killing - The New Yorker

We need more gun control, not just assault rifles.



Making a Killing - The New Yorker

Wall Street donors seek to block Warren VP pick - POLITICO

Expect the worst: Fed officials try to understand why they cannot keep raising rates | The Economist

LeBron James denied the Warriors with a ridiculous game-saving block | For The Win

Barry Latzer on Why Crime Rises and Falls - The Atlantic

A Tale of Two Parties - The New York Times

Thursday, June 16, 2016

Ed -- A Petition For Stronger Gun Laws - YouTube

Boston Globe editorial -- gun control -- ban assault weapons - The Boston Globe

Hedge-Fund Consultant Bantered for Insider Information - Bloomberg View

New Yorker

http://static1.squarespace.com/static/52a74ecde4b01bb79a769329/t/575d922e7da24f2981092db0/1465750080617/Neu+Jorker%2C+Singles%2C+Lo-res.pdf?hootPostID=7874f19311b7ee893fdd42f78d60bd71

A huge international study of gun control finds strong evidence that it actually works - Vox

There’s a Disconnect in Americans’ Worry About Terrorism - The New York Times

To the bright and the rich of Silicon Valley, Trump is a loser — FT.com

Wednesday, June 15, 2016

Honest Graft: The Democratic Endgame Begins (Or, How Trump Undercuts Sanders's Leverage)

Honest Graft: The Democratic Endgame Begins (Or, How Trump Undercuts Sanders's Leverage)

How China Won the Keys to Disney’s Magic Kingdom - The New York Times

Obama’s Defining Attack on Trump and Trumpism - The New Yorker

Obama’s Defining Attack on Trump and Trumpism - The New Yorker

One Person, One Gun - The New Yorker

Why Not Up the Mississippi?: Outtake from Cohen and DeLong, Concrete Economics - Equitable Growth

U.S. Chamber Out of Step With Its Board, Report Finds - The New York Times

  

Bill O'Reilly: It's Too Easy to Get 'High-Powered Weaponry' in America - Breitbart

Pigs do fly: Bill O'Reilly comes out for more gun control.



Bill O'Reilly: It's Too Easy to Get 'High-Powered Weaponry' in America - Breitbart

6 Ways to Disagree with Senior Management

Tuesday, June 07, 2016

Chasing a Vision of Japan - The New York Times

Sometimes Embracing Emotional Distress Is the Best Medicine - Scientific American Blog Network

Sometimes Embracing Emotional Distress Is the Best Medicine - Scientific American Blog Network

Metros by the numbers: How D.C. stacks up against other capital cities - The Washington Post

Voting Mistakes and Financial Choice - Bloomberg View

Voting Mistakes and Financial Choice - Bloomberg View



Which type are you?





Elsewhere in The Kids These Days, "Goldman Sachs attracted more than a quarter of a million applications from students and graduates for jobs this summer, suggesting fears of a ‘brain drain’ in the sector may be exaggerated as banks introduce more employee-friendly policies." You could sort of imagine three types of undergraduate investment banking applicants:
  1. The person who wants to work 100 hours a week on front-page deals while making piles of money.
  2. The person who likes the idea of getting 36 hours off every weekend.
  3. The person who applies for banking jobs because it's sort of what is expected in certain Ivy League majors and sports teams.
The declining compensation and increasing leisure in banking may be attracting more applicants of Type 2 and fewer of Type 1, which might change the culture a bit. But Type 3 should be pretty unaffected by the changes, and might be the dominant type.